Discrete Mathematics

Divisibility And GCD:

if α|β and α|ε, then α|(mβ + nε)

if α|β and ε|δ, then αε|βδ

smallest positive linear combination of α and β = gcd(α, β)

if gcd(α, ε) = 1 and gcd(β, ε) = 1, then gcd(αβ, ε) = 1

if ε|αβ and gcd(ε, α) = 1, then ε|β

gcd(α, β) = gcd(β, α mod β); why the euclidean algorithm works

if ρ is prime and ρ|αβ, then ρ|α or ρ|β

δ = gcd(α, β) ⇒ 1 = gcd(α/δ, β/δ)

Modular Arithmetic

(α ≡ β mod Μ and ε ≡ δ mod Μ) ⇒ α + ε ≡ β + δ mod Μ

(α ≡ β mod Μ and ε ≡ δ mod Μ) ⇒ αε ≡ βδ mod Μ

(αε ≡ βε mod Μ and gcd(ε, Μ) = 1) ⇒ α ≡ β mod Μ

Factorials, Permutations And Combinations:

0! = 1

the formula of permutations

the formula of combinations

using combinations to find a number in the Pascal's triangle

number of ways of arranging n objects with k identical objects

Sequence And Series:

finding a term in an arithmetic sequence

finding a term in a geometric sequence

the sum of an arithmetic series

the sum of a geometric series with finite terms

the sum to infinity of a geometric series

sum of the first n positive integers

sum of the squares of the first n positive integers

sum of the cubes of the first n positive integers

showing that the harmonic series diverges